grass clinical and laboratory investigation of the poisoning Moldy mule in the herd in Bajura district of Nepal

Clin Laboratory Investigation of Moldy grass poisoning of cattle on the mule in Bajura district of Nepal.

Dr. Kedar Karki Senior Veterinary Services Tripureswor Central Veterinary Laboratory.

Narayan Mandal Agricultural Development Dr.Ram official DSLOA Bajura Nepal

Abstract:

A clinical research and epidemiology of sudden death syndrome caused by mules, including 22 from a flock of 1400 died in 0ctober-November 2009 in Bajura district of Nepal. These animals were used for the transmission of sound work mountainous region of Nepal. In the loss of these animals were fed exclusively with all grame.Normally healthy animals began to die suddenly. Initially, the suspected disease acute bacterial treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and vaccinated with the observation of bacteria near the herd of their raw vaccine.On first revealed grains fed to these animals during the rainy season was found 55-60% moldy in appearance. In post-mortem examination and congestion acute hemorrhage in the liver, lungs, heart, spleen and intestinal mucosa were found. Although the lesions in the cortex brain was found for all areas multifocal hemorrhage and necrosis, the presence of large excavations liquefaction necrosis Histopathology tissue from these organs revealed infiltration of mononuclear cells in tissue indicative of chronic nature of the use of moldy grain condition.Continous apparently 55-60% (grass) has been used as food. In the laboratory analysis of grain samples was the same 22,00000-83,00000 found containing CFU / g of Penicillium species of fungi. When the rest of the herd still using the same products treated with the binder loquor Antidegnala toxin (varishta) liver tonic, and as hepatocare immunocare controlled the mortality rate may be a sign of the syndrome is caused by moldy corn poisoning similar to condition Equine Encephalomalacia.Laboratory findings and response to treatment indicates that during the wet season and immediately after the rainy season, food grain storage will be detrimental to the equine species. During this period care should be taken to feeding grains to this animal if treated with a binder of toxins and immunomodulater herbs will reduce chances of this syndrome.

Keyword:

Equinelukoencephalomalcia, moldy grass poisoning, hepatocare, Varishta, liquor Antidegnala, immunocare, Mule Bajura, Nepal, Penicillium, UFC.

Background:

In Bajura district Barjugad far western Nepal, in October and November 2009, the herd of mules in 1400 against sudden death with symptoms such as sweating excessive shaking, lying on the ground. In a period of one month's death at weekly intervals of 5-6 mules has been reported that not respond to antibiotic treatment and other support. After obtaining a history and physical examination no lesions related serious diseases were present in the rest of the mule in the herd. it was discovered that the mules were fed grass and cracked and moldy servings rice that was being excavated bags stacked in the warehouse site. The mortality rate in the herd mule in this area was the same season reported in the year 2006 2007 and 2008, the mortality rate recorded at 3, 6, 33, to death this year from a total of 22 mule has been Autopsy recorded.Post death Mule revealed severe congestion of liver, lung, Speen, heart, fluid in the chest cavity.Haemorrhage serosangqinus mucosa of the stomach. At necropsy, lesions in the cerebral cortex was found None of multifocal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, the presence cavitation large liquefaction necrosis.For blood.Liver bacteriology, lung, spleen, brain, heart tissues were collected on ice and the same tissues for histopathology were collected stool samples for endoparasite formaline.Blood examination.Feedgrains: Maize, Grame for identification mycological were collected.Mules quantitification herds were treated with 2% 5 ml alcohol Antidegnala S / C, and 2 ml orally 5 days toxinbinder Varishta feedgrain 10g/100kg, Hepatocare, immunomodulatory immunocare net for 10-15 days for the treatment and prevention measure.No higher mortality in the herd has been reported.

Results and discussion:

bacteriological culture of samples tissue from blood showed no growth from a survey revealed bacteria.Fecal Strongyels Joint spp.
Penicillium spp Mycological media.22.00000 CFU / GM mold colonies recorded in the rice samples carried 83.00000CFU/gm food and colonies of mold in a sample grass has been feeding changes recorded.Histopathological revealed fatty infiltration of hepatocytes.Mononuclear cell in the form of few nodules in the liver. perivascular cuffing. Infiltration of mononuclear cells in the form of nodules in the lungs. Deep medullary region revealed infiltration of mononuclear cells in the kidney.
The WBC seems to be increased in the area of the white pulp of the spleen. There were areas of liquefaction necrosis in the cerebral cortex with infiltration of macrophages. How about 55-60% moldy grams infestated with Penicillium spp being fed regularly with death, but acute sudden herd.Intermitent during post rainy season suggest the death due to fungal toxin. Murphy and Dr. Duane Steve Hoose 2003 reports of histopathological changes in the lungs, liver, brain, kidney center of necrosis with no recognizable structure will be observed in case of poisoning in horses moldy corn. The transition between normal tissue and necrosis often show hemorrhage, edema, vascular congestion Blood and neuronophagia. In animals with hepatorenal syndrome, the liver is swollen and diffuse yellowish brown. Irregular nodules and pale foci can be seen in the liver parenchyma. Karki reported in 2003 revealed the pathogenicity of Fusarium which causes liver congestion with congestion triaditis benign lung, spleen and lymphoid hyperplasia.Further a more positive response to treatment with adaptogen toxinbinder, immunomdulater confirm the sudden death due to moldy corn poisoning. This followed completion survey is suggested.
Conclusion
Results surveys show that feed grains and ingredients are infested with a mold toxic fungus is emerging as a new threat to health animals and the use of toxinbinder poultry.Simultonious, adaptogen like livertonic, mineralmixture and drugs Immunomodulaters promises to help minimize risks to the health of livestock and poultry should be analyzed.
References:

1: mold poisoning HORSES Corn: (Equine leukoencephalomalacia Mark Russell, Ph.D., Department of Animal Sciences Don Scott, Ph.D., Department of Botany and Plant Pathology William Hope, DMV, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Cooperative Extension Service Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Technical Bulletin http://www.micotoxinas.com.br/ No. 15 – Accessed 21/12/2009
2: FINAL-diagnosis Moldy Corn Poisoning (Equine leucoencephalomalacia, toxicity fumonisins) in horses: Dr. Steve Hoose, ADDL Toxicologist Dr. Duane Murphy, ADDL Pathologist Spring 2003 Newsletter http; / www.addl.purdue.edu/newsletters/2003/Spring/finaldx.shtml /. Accessed on 21/12/2009

3: the effects of mycotoxins avoid the impact on the health of your horse and horses performance.Mycotoxins Feed: By Trevor K. Smith, Ph.D., CPA www.ecmagazine.net/…/mycotoxin2.jpg Accessed on 21/12/2009

4: Moulds and mycotoxins in corn: Jim Stack, Extension Research Plant Pathologist Division of the Institute Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and States United States Department of Agriculture.http: / Cbc.homestead.com / Archives.html, consultation 21/12/2009
6: Varishta: www.varshagroup.com
7: assessment of pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum mouse. Kedar B. Karki: PP14, Vetcon 2003, 7th Conference of State Veterinary 2003, Nepal Veterinary Association.
Confirmation:
Thank Dr.Damodar Sedai, VIC, Dr.Salina Manandhar, Raj Panday Dr.Krishna Dr.Pragya Koirala Veterinary Officer and Lab Technician for all your contributions in the laboratory work and research.

About the Author

Senior Vet.Officer,Central Veterinary Laboratory Kathmandu Nepal M.V.St. Preventive Veterinary Mrdicine

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